Max Ernst (1891–1976) was a German artist. Also born into a middle-class family, he was intially educated in the Expressionist school. He served on the front lines for Germany during World War I. He met Éluard after the war and collaborated on Repetitions and Misadventures of Immortals. In 1922 Ernst abandoned his wife and son and moved in with Éluard and his wife Gala, and immersed himself in the Dada and Surrealist movements. During World War II he was a persona non grata in Vichy France. After that war, he rose to prominence as an artist. He is known for his collages as well as for his invention of frottage and grattage.